Fused zirconia used in thermal spray is a high-purity zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) material that has been melted at high temperatures (typically in an electric arc furnace) and then rapidly cooled (fused) to form dense, hard particles. It is often stabilized with additives like yttria (Y₂O₃), Calcia ( CaO) or magnesia (MgO) to improve thermal stability and phase consistency during heating.